Three-phase stepper motor is a common type of motor, widely used in various automation equipment and precision control systems. It has the advantages of simple structure, convenient control and reliable operation. There are mainly the following working modes of three-phase stepper motor:

1.Full-step working mode
The full-step working mode is the most basic working mode of three-phase stepper motor. In this mode, the three phases of the motor are controlled independently, and the current size and direction of each phase can be adjusted independently. When the current of one phase reaches the maximum value, the current of the other two phases is zero. The advantage of this mode is simple control, but the motor has low operating efficiency and is prone to large vibration and noise.

2.Half-step working mode
The half-step working mode is developed on the basis of the full-step working mode. In this mode, the current of the three phases of the motor is not completely independently controlled, but adjusted through a certain proportional relationship. When the current of one phase reaches the maximum value, the current of the other two phases is not zero, but has a certain value. The advantage of this mode is that the motor has high operating efficiency, low vibration and noise, but the control is relatively complex.

3.Micro-step working mode
The micro-step working mode is further developed on the basis of the half-step working mode. In this mode, the current of the three phases of the motor can be adjusted more finely, thereby achieving a smaller step distance. The advantage of the micro-step working mode is that it can achieve higher-precision control, but the control is more complex and has higher requirements for the motor drive circuit.

4.Dual three-phase working mode
The dual three-phase working mode is a special working mode that divides the three phases of the motor into two groups, each with three phases. In this mode, the current of each group of three phases can be controlled independently, thereby achieving a more flexible control mode. The advantage of the dual three-phase working mode is that it can improve the operating efficiency of the motor and reduce vibration and noise, but the control is more complex.

5.Differential working mode
The differential working mode is a special working mode that realizes the rotation of the motor by controlling the current difference between the two phases of the motor. In this mode, the currents of the two phases of the motor are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction. The advantage of the differential working mode is that it can achieve higher-precision control, but has higher requirements for the motor drive circuit.

6.Hybrid working mode
Hybrid working mode is a way of combining the above working modes. In this way, different working modes can be selected according to actual needs to achieve more flexible and efficient control. The advantage of hybrid working mode is that it can make full use of the advantages of various working modes, but the control is more complicated.

7.Adaptive working mode
Adaptive working mode is an intelligent control mode that can automatically select the most suitable working mode according to the operating state of the motor. In this way, the control system of the motor can automatically adjust the working mode according to the changes in parameters such as load, speed, and temperature to achieve the best control effect. The advantage of adaptive working mode is that it can achieve more efficient and more precise control, but the requirements for the control system are higher.

8.Vector control working mode
Vector control working mode is an advanced control mode that decomposes the current of the motor into two orthogonal components to control the magnetic flux and torque of the motor respectively, thereby achieving more precise control. In this way, the control system of the motor can automatically adjust the two components of the current according to the operating state and load requirements of the motor to achieve the best control effect. The advantage of vector control working mode is that it can achieve more efficient and more precise control, but the requirements for the control system are higher.

In short, there are many working modes for three-phase stepper motors, and different working modes have different characteristics and application scenarios. When choosing a working mode, it is necessary to make comprehensive considerations based on actual needs and motor performance to achieve the best control effect. At the same time, with the continuous development of control technology, the working modes of three-phase stepper motors will be more diversified and intelligent in the future, providing more efficient and precise control solutions for various application scenarios.

Source:https://steppermotor2.hatenablog.com/entry/2024/07/17/172428