Cell phone calls are more and more being blocked by technology initially created to assist security personnel in preventing unauthorized listening and stopping phone-activated explosive devices.

The reporters were the first to notice the issue. While they were busy covering the weddings of prominent individuals, they found themselves unable to contact their editors. Curious about the lack of cell phone signal at Sacred Heart, they inquired with the priest. His response pointed to Israeli counterintelligence as the reason behind the connectivity problem.

Israeli-manufactured cell phone blocker, resembling paperbacks in size, have discreetly been placed among religious artworks depicting the Madonna and statues of saints in four churches in Monterrey.

The disruptive multicolored noise of ringing mobile phones is being more and more effectively blocked in various places, such as religious sanctuaries, India's parliament, Tokyo theaters, and commuter trains, thanks to devices initially created to assist security forces in preventing eavesdropping and stopping phone-activated bombings.

The installation of signal blocker in the Indian parliament came after repeated requests for politicians to switch off their cell phones were disregarded, leading to frequent interruptions during legislative sessions.

Italian universities have implemented the use of blockers as a response to the issue of tech-savvy teenagers cheating on exams by sending text messages or capturing images of test materials.

The four Roman Catholic Churches in this northern city have recently adopted the devices provided by Netline Communications Technologies Ltd., a Tel Aviv-based company. These devices were imported by an insurance salesman as a personal favor for a priest.

The Rev. Juan Jose Martinez, a spokesperson for the archdiocese, expressed that there are still numerous individuals who fail to comprehend that attending Mass entails participating in a sacred moment with God. Regrettably, the utilization of these small devices became an unavoidable necessity.

These devices, which were acquired at a cost of approximately $2,000 each, have the capability to be activated remotely and emit radio frequencies at a low level. Their purpose is to disrupt cell phone signals within a radius of 100 feet.

Cell phone users often encounter a message stating "no service" or "signal not available" on their devices.

Wedding bells

The Sacred Heart church in Monterrey, a baroque temple popular among Mexico's upper class for weddings, had their blockers purchased by church officials two years ago.

Bulmaro Carranza, a parish clerk, mentioned that during weddings, cell phones would ring every five minutes. This posed a significant issue, as there were instances when even the groom would neglect to silence his cell phone.

The devices remained unnoticed for several months until journalists, who were covering the weddings, started expressing their dissatisfaction with the constant malfunctioning of their cell phones.

Carranza mentioned that ever since news about the signal blocker spread, priests from various parts of Mexico have been reaching out to inquire about acquiring them.

Prior to each Mass at Sacred Heart, a device positioned at the church entrance and another near the altar are activated. Nevertheless, the clergy consistently emphasize the importance of switching off mobile phones before the commencement of the services, with the aspiration that proper cell phone etiquette will gradually become more widespread.

Martinez mentioned that wealthier parishioners also frequent The Rosario, San Juan Bosco, and Our Lady Queen of the Angels, among other Monterrey churches with the devices.

Martinez emphasized that many people consider the cell phone a necessity, yet this should not excuse them from practicing good manners and showing respect for sacred locations.

Margarita Escobedo, a devout Catholic who attends church services at least twice a week and actively volunteers at the San Genaro church, expresses her willingness to embrace the use of jammers within her parish. She believes that the increasing presence of cell phones has become a bothersome distraction, and thus, welcomes any measures that can alleviate this nuisance.

Escobedo stated that individuals who bring cell phones to church are lacking in commitment to God. He emphasized that the sounds of birds chirping or techno music can be highly disruptive during prayer.

The individuals are being accused of engaging in computer criminal activity for reportedly interfering with the network at the behest of their acquaintances.

Two teenagers, aged 14, have been accused of disrupting their school's Wi-Fi system in order to avoid taking exams, as reported by authorities on Monday.

NJ.com reported that high school freshmen in New Jersey are facing charges related to computer criminal activity and conspiracy to commit such acts. Authorities were alerted by school officials last Thursday following a series of Wi-Fi network crashes over the course of a week.

Capt. Dennis Miller, as reported by NorthJersey.com, stated that school authorities at Secaucus High School contacted the Secaucus Police Department to inform them about two students who were involved in a "plot to intentionally disrupt the school's WiFi service whenever requested."

The identities of the individuals have not been disclosed due to their status as minors. They have been reunited with their parents and are anticipated to attend a hearing at the juvenile family court in Jersey City, the specific date of which remains undisclosed.

On Monday, Schools Superintendent Jennifer Montesano announced that the Wi-Fi has been restored and is functioning properly. Although she did not provide specific information, she did mention that an investigation identified two students who potentially played a role in the disruption of our system.

How did they do it?

Several students informed NJ.com that they suspect the boys utilized a Wi-Fi interrupter program or application to overwhelm the school's routers with traffic in a denial of service (DoS) attack. This attack resulted in the network failing when students attempted to access it for classwork or online exams.

The news outlet interviewed a student at Secaucus High School who mentioned that she became aware of the Wi-Fi issue after a friend informed her that one of the suspects had been asked to disrupt the signal during an exam.

It was done for both the exam-adverse and for fun, she said:

One of the boys engaged in this behavior as a means to evade tests and similar obligations. Additionally, he did it on behalf of his friend, so that she could avoid taking a test during the class. Undoubtedly, it was a substantial prank.

Jamming phones, Wi-Fi and GPS is illegal

Some students were disgruntled – why should the whole class be disrupted because a few kids didn’t feel like squeezing out some brain juice that day? Others were impressed by the boys’ alleged technical acumen and sported more of a “Meh! Nobody got hurt” reaction, like this 10th grader:

I found it astonishing that a child of our age, or near our age, could accomplish such a task.

The manipulation of individuals' education is occurring, yet it is not causing harm to anyone.

Concerning the initial point, it is advisable for those students not to be overly influenced by their peers' supposed technological expertise. Despite the fact that gsm jammer are prohibited from being marketed, sold, or utilized in the United States - with the exception of authorized, official use by the federal government - they can easily be purchased online for a few hundred dollars.

With regards to nobody getting hurt when Wi-Fi crashes, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begs to differ. When you use a signal jammer, you’re jamming critical communications, the FCC points out in its jammers FAQ:

Jammers present a significant threat beyond mere annoyance; they endanger public safety by obstructing the transmission of vital emergency communications. cell phone jammer fail to differentiate between casual conversations and urgent calls for help to loved ones or emergency services. Likewise, GPS and wifi jammer intentionally disrupt essential communication services, both routine and critical.

Several years ago, an incident occurred where a man was charged with a felony for deliberately disrupting the phone signals of his fellow commuters. This action was driven by his annoyance towards their conversations.

It is possible that no one was injured as a result of the school Wi-Fi jamming, however, it is crucial that children do not develop the belief that this is a harmless joke. The consequences are not trivial, and they can be quite serious.

Utilizing technology, thieves have successfully eluded surveillance cameras in a number of home break-ins, as per CMPD's findings reported by WBTV.

The act of cell-jamming takes place when someone employs a gadget to obstruct radio or wireless signals.

As per the Federal Communications Commission, it is against federal law to purposefully employ a phone jammer, GPS blockers, or any other signal jamming device to disrupt authorized radio communications. It is crucial to understand that this prohibition applies universally and does not provide any exemptions for usage within a business, classroom, residence, or vehicle.

Cell-jamming might take place from a device about 30 feet away from the intended target, or home surveillance cameras.

Surveillance footage from a south Charlotte community reveals a suspect discreetly moving through a yard at night. Nevertheless, it should be acknowledged that not all incidents have been documented on camera.

According to John Shocknesse, VP of Customer Operations for CPI Security, the presence of wireless devices opens up opportunities for interference, making it crucial to take preventive measures.

Within a matter of seconds, a person could be captured on camera, but the use of cell-jamming technology allows for their immediate disappearance with just a single action like flipping a switch or pressing a button.

CMPD has acknowledged that this matter has arisen during a number of home break-ins in south Charlotte.

The absence of such activity has been noted by Shocknesse, who emphasized the importance of being aware of it and having access to cutting-edge technology.

WBTV questioned him regarding the devices that exhibit higher susceptibility to cell-jamming.

According to Shocknesse, the significance arises when dealing with older wireless devices that do not possess encryption.

According to him, modern security and surveillance systems come equipped with superior technology, including encryption, resulting in increased security measures.

Stressing the importance of cameras and onboard recording, Shocknesse highlighted the value of having memory devices to capture and preserve footage in case of any incidents.

Furthermore, he suggested that the optimal approach to thwart cell-jamming is to utilize state-of-the-art technology that includes encryption, as well as utilizing a wired device rather than relying on Wi-Fi.

To reduce the risk of home invasions, it is advisable to adhere to basic precautions such as keeping the surroundings well-lit, using alarm systems, and maintaining bushes at a height of no more than three feet.

According to authorities, a gang of thieves has been outmaneuvering sophisticated devices in various locations across Los Angeles.

On March 4, the Los Angeles Police Department released a statement alerting the public to a group in Wilshire employing Wi-Fi jamming technology to neutralize surveillance cameras and alarm systems that are Wi-Fi-enabled.

The current wave of tech-savvy robberies in California is indicative of a larger-scale "smart" crime wave that is sweeping the nation. Similar alerts were issued by the police in Minnesota and Connecticut last year, warning residents about groups of thieves proficient in Wi-Fi jamming techniques. These incidents serve as just a glimpse into the multitude of similar cases.

According to KARE11, criminals can readily purchase Wi-Fi signal jammers jamming devices at a low cost, despite the Federal Communications Commission's ban on them. These devices do not directly disable other devices but rather overload the network they are connected to.

According to cybersecurity expert Mark Lanterman, these devices are designed to disrupt radio transmitters, causing traffic jams that prevent legitimate communication.

According to his advice, if you intend to employ a Wi-Fi camera for your front door, it might be worth considering the use of a hardline camera inside your home. Wired cameras that are connected via Ethernet cables do not rely on Wi-Fi networks and are immune to disruptions caused by a wifi jammer.

The Los Angeles police highly advises the use of hard wired burglary alarm systems.

According to Tom’s Hardware, smart technology may play a role in both the problem and the solution. Officials suggest the use of timers or smart home devices to give the appearance of someone being at home while you are away. Additionally, some smart home technology can alert users of any interruptions in the signal or connection.

Tom's Hardware suggests connecting surveillance devices to your device for storing camera footage, rather than solely relying on a cloud storage system. By doing so, you can ensure that even during a Wi-Fi disruption, the footage will be saved and accessible.

Individuals are urged by the LAPD to stay cautious by locking their doors, asking neighbors to keep an eye on their surroundings while they are away, and informing law enforcement about any suspicious activity, particularly concerning vehicles with temporary or dealer plates.

Wilshire Park is located in Central Los Angeles.

In today's society, mobile phones have become an indispensable tool for communication in people's daily routines. However, there are specific situations where mobile phone signal jammers play a crucial role. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of mobile phone signal jammers, covering their technical principles and application scenarios. By delving into these aspects, readers can develop a deeper comprehension of the technology and the valuable applications associated with it.

How mobile phone signal jammer works

The primary operational principle of the mobile phone signal jammer is to transmit signals at the same frequency as mobile phone communication, but at a higher power level to disrupt the original signal. This disruptive signal will overpower or drown out the signal normally received by the mobile phone, preventing the mobile phone from communicating with the base station as intended, ultimately achieving the goal of signal blocking.

Jammers emit signals that disrupt specific frequency bands, commonly targeting GSM, CDMA, 3G, 4G, and even the newest 5G network bands.

cell phone jammer have different coverage ranges depending on their power levels, with increased power leading to wider coverage.

Types of cell phone signal jammers

Designed to be easily carried, this portable jammer is perfect for personal or small-scale use, including conference rooms and small offices.

Tailored for use in schools, examination rooms, prisons, and similar settings, this high-power jammer offers a wide range of coverage.

Personalized jammers are crafted to suit the specific demands of different environments, such as military bases, government facilities, and other secure areas.

The principle and application of GPS signal jammer

GPS signal blockers emit electromagnetic waves with specific frequencies that disrupt signals transmitted by GPS satellites, causing GPS receivers to struggle in interpreting satellite signals. This approach mirrors that of conventional electronic jamming devices, albeit with a focus on the GPS frequency band.

GPS signal jammers usually work in the 1575.42 MHz frequency band, which is the main frequency of GPS satellite signals. Their operating range can vary depending on design and purpose, from a few meters to hundreds of meters.

Typically, portable gps jammer serve the purpose of ensuring personal privacy, whereas fixed jammers are predominantly utilized in professional sectors such as the military and government, offering substantial power and an extensive coverage area.

The utilization of GPS signal jammers by the military enables them to disrupt enemy navigation systems, effectively hindering their ability to accurately determine positioning and navigate.

There are those who may opt to employ GPS signal disruptors in order to block location tracking and ensure the protection of their personal privacy.

The uproar surrounding the AIIMS entrance exam may have surprised many, but the city university has proactively taken measures to prevent such incidents. While some universities have installed jammers at entrances, others have opted for metal detectors or security guards. However, only a few have implemented all of these precautions. Jammers play a crucial role in detecting mobile signals and discouraging students from resorting to unfair means cell phone jammer.

The installation of jammers at the exam hall of Punjab College of Technical Education (PCTE) was initiated by Ms. Kang, the college's director, two years ago. This measure was taken when nearly 900 students were undergoing their examinations. Ms. Kang highlighted the potential of a disruptor to resolve the issues faced by everyone, as it would render their cell range inoperable.

The director of Guru Nanak Institute of Management and Technology (GNIMT), HS Singha, highlighted the successful implementation of two jammers on the campus three years ago to combat cheating. Furthermore, stringent physical verification measures are in place to ensure students do not have phones in their possession wifi jammer.

The principal of Guru Nanak Dev Engineering College (GNDEC), MS Saini, raised an issue regarding students' inclination towards using unfair means to secure better grades. He pointed out the difficulty in conducting physical verification due to the advanced skills of students, which prompted the installation of 11 jammers on campus. Additionally, the college has introduced three metal detectors and reinforced security protocols at the entrance gates.

The principal of Ludhiana College of Engineering and Technology, Pawan Kumar Gupta, revealed that the institution had introduced five jammers and two metal detectors on campus around three years back. He highlighted that the utilization of these devices across all educational establishments could greatly diminish the potential for academic dishonesty via technological means signal jammer.

Can mobile jammers in colleges stop cyber crime?

The possibility of prohibiting mobile phones on campus has caused unease among students in universities throughout the city. In an effort to combat cybercrime, the Maharashtra government's higher and technical education department has put forward this proposal.

Nonetheless, students felt let down by the perceived infringement on their rights. Lala Atole, a student at ILS Law School, contends that the proposed ban is devoid of logic.

"School authorities can impose stricter rules on the use of mobile phones in classrooms, but installing jammers will directly impact students' freedom," he said. Some students believe that installing jammers will not affect most students as they are addicted to gaming during classes. "If cell phones are banned and we can't even answer important calls, students might think of skipping lectures. How does that help students?"

A student named Vedang Bhagwat from Garware College raised a question. Although students are unhappy with the decision, there is a disagreement among university authorities regarding the proposal. While they are contemplating installing jammers in classrooms, they are reluctant to extend this measure to the entire campus gsm jammer.

Hrishikesh Suman, principal, Symbiosis College of Arts and Commerce, opined, "Jammers will definitely help prevent distractions during classes. However, outside the classroom, this may affect the internal academic communication with the teacher." Only by getting the power to control jammers, The authorities will welcome this move. "Signal jamming affects our security systems and hampers emergency communications. Also, students are not used to restrictions and this may do more harm than good," said Dilip Sheth, Principal, SP College. Teachers believe it would be more helpful for students to voluntarily refrain. “Students should voluntarily refrain from using mobile phones without our close attention,” added MMCC principal MD Lawrence. Some even favor the use of cell phones on campus.

The vice-chancellor of Neswadia Business School, Girija Shankar, pointed out that disruptors are not an effective solution given the significant presence of out-of-town students in Pune whose guardians frequently require communication with them.

Authorities with the Los Angeles Police Department are warning residents in Los Angeles’ Wilshire-area neighborhoods of a series of burglaries involving wifi jamming technology that can disarm surveillance cameras and alarms using a wireless signal.

According to police, the burglaries typically involve three to four suspects who enter homes through a second story balcony.

Once inside, the thieves target primary bedrooms in search of high-end jewelry, purses, U.S. currency and other valuables.

Man found dead in pond of Southern California apartment complex

“On many occasions, these suspects will have a getaway vehicle and driver to act as a look out,” authorities said in a community alert.

To deter these types of burglaries, authorities provided the following tips:

• Ensure your electrical circuit boxes are secured with a padlock to make it harder for thieves to tamper with alarm systems


• Never tell Uber, Lyft or taxi drivers or post on social media that you will be on vacation or away from home


• Stay alert for suspicious vehicles with temporary or dealer plates, as well as rental vehicles


• Share your cellphone number with trusted neighbors and ask them to clear your mail and keep an eye on your residence if you plan to be away


• Place cameras around the home and ensure that the alarm DVR is secure and cannot be tampered with


• Consider moving to an alarm system that is hard wired rather than running on a wireless signal


• Provide extra security such as a pole to sliding glass doors to eliminate easy opening


• Place tracking devices, such as Apple AirTags, on valuable items like jewelry boxes, purses or vehicles


• See what shrubbery or trees can be trimmed or cut to keep your residence highly visible


• Install proper lighting and security signage and always leave light on in your home, especially while away

Anyone with information on any of these crimes is encouraged to contact LAPD’s Wilshire Burglary Detectives at [email protected]. Those wishing to remain anonymous can contact L.A. Regional Crime Stoppers at 800-222-8477 or online at L.A. Crime Stoppers.

A recent caution has been issued for those who rely on wireless security cameras like "Ring" for safeguarding their residence.

In Detroit, a woman reported that her Ring camera failed to record the theft of her car from the front of her residence. An expert in the area suggests that this occurrence signifies the growing technological expertise of criminals.

The woman stated that her car was stolen from her driveway earlier this month. Upon reviewing the footage from her Ring camera, she noticed that there were missing hours.

The statement made by Chris Burns, the proprietor of Techie Gurus, highlights that security cameras relying on WiFi for recording purposes are primarily focused on convenience rather than security. This is attributed to the vulnerability of WiFi signals to interference, potentially leading to the camera's inability to effectively surveil the surroundings of your home, a concern that criminals are exploiting.

According to Burns, using wireless for security measures is a flawed approach. He pointed out that wireless signals can be easily interfered with or obstructed.

These individuals can employ this as a wifi jamming device, or a deauther, that could potentially be as compact as an Apple Watch.

By standing within close range, a deauther can overpower a WiFi system, compelling the WiFi camera to cease its recording operations. This accessory is available at a relatively affordable price, typically ranging from $10 to $50. On the other hand, a jammer comes at a significantly higher cost, with prices ranging from $150 to $1,000.

Due to their illegal nature, singal jammer are not easily accessible. Nevertheless, a strong camera jammer can effectively stop an entire street from being captured on WiFi security cameras by a mere push of a button.

In a statement, a representative from Ring highlighted the potential impact of WiFi signal interference on Ring device performance, similar to other wifi-enabled devices. Customers encountering connectivity issues are urged to seek help from Ring Customer Support.

How can customers protect themselves?

According to Burns, true security can only be achieved by utilizing hard-wired connections like ethernet.

The spokesperson representing Ring stated that they are mindful of the situation, highlighting its infrequency.

According to Burns, as technology becomes more affordable, the demand for jammers is expected to rise. Hence, it is imperative to ensure that people are adequately educated on this subject.

Feb. 16 started like any typical Friday night. My husband and I decided to stay home, grill chicken and make a salad for dinner. At about 6:45 p.m., we heard some loud rumbling overhead.

We walked onto the back patio, and two police helicopters were overhead – shining lights all over our property, and a recording echoed, "Police. You are under arrest. Stay right there and I won't shoot you."

As I looked across the fence, a swarm of armed members of the Phoenix SWAT Team with a few dogs were circling our property. One of the guys said, “Yeah, there’s a signal jammer right here.” He picked it up. I leaned over the patio and asked, “What’s going on?”

The police told me to go inside

A SWAT member said, “Ma’am, A South American gang is targeting homes to steal from. The cell phone jammer says you might have been next. Do we have permission to enter your property?” I said, “Yes!” and then he asked something like, “If we find anyone, will you pursue charges so we can arrest them?” I replied, “Of course!”

I opened the driveway gates to our property and the guest house while Barry tossed the police keys to open the security gates. It turns out that when the gang saw we were home, they likely diverted their attention to the house next door. A house four doors down from us wasn't so lucky.

The homeowner left at 5 p.m. to have dinner and got a notification his security cameras were offline at 5:05 pm. He thought the internet went down. The gang broke in and took $25,000 in cash and valuables worth $100,000. They were in and out in less than 10 minutes.

How are they getting away with this?

The gang places cellular and wifi jammer around the homes they’re targeting. This way, security cameras and phones are useless. A Phoenix police officer told me the gang probably noticed nothing was down in our house.

Our home’s security cameras and internet are hard-wired. Even when the thieves tried to jam the Wi-Fi signals, the security camera’s red lights showed they were recording everything. We also still have a landline.

But how frightening is that? Your phone doesn't work. Your cameras aren't recording anything. On the upside, the gang doesn't carry guns. If they get caught, they'll spend about six months in jail before being extradited to Chile.

If you’d like to watch the action captured by my security cameras, I showed them during a Kim Komando Today video stream. I am so thankful for our police force.

Nothing is random

The gang thoroughly scopes out homes beforehand. They drive the neighborhood and look up homes on real estate sites to get an idea of where the primary bedroom is located. They look for dogs, too.

It’s not only a problem in Phoenix. This is happening all over the country. A friend was robbed by a similar gang in a guard-gated community in California. Kudos to Phoenix Police – they arrested three members of the gang who were in my neighborhood that night.

How to stop wifi jammer attacks on home security systems

Recently, a news story originating from Queens, New York captivated audiences as it depicted a burglar smoothly gliding across the floor, clutching an unknown device. Speculation arose, suggesting that the device in question was a wifi jammer, cleverly utilized by the intruder to disrupt the home's wifi network and render the alarm system useless, thereby ensuring his undetected presence.

Is this even possible? Yes, yes it is.

So what is a wifi jammer?

Generally, these jamming devices create a signal that causes interference on the spectrums utilized by 3G, 4G, 5G, cordless, and wifi networks. Essentially, they impact all of these networks.

The excessive noise effectively hinders devices from utilizing the frequencies required for normal operation. Consequently, this interference also affects emergency networks utilized by first responders, leading to the prohibition of such devices. However, these illegal devices are manufactured and sold on the black market, and individuals have the capability to construct their own. It is advised against searching for instructions online, as it may result in being placed under surveillance.

The purpose of a jammer is to produce interference that interferes with the frequencies used by our devices, rendering them ineffective. As these frequencies propagate from the signal blocker device, they have the capability to impede a wide range of devices, even those not specifically targeted by the user.

Now that you are aware of this, do you think it could cause disruptions to your phones, alarm sensors, alarm base station, smart locks, and wifi cameras? Yes, it is a valid concern.

It is understandable if you have the following question: "Andy, my alarm system has a cellular backup in case the wifi connection fails. Will it continue to operate?" Unfortunately, that is not the case. The sensors will lose their ability to communicate with the base station due to the interference caused by these jammers. It is important to remember that these jammers not only disrupt wifi signals but also block mobile spectrums, thereby preventing your base station from making calls over wifi or a cellular network.

How To Stop Wifi Jammer and Deauth Attacks

Now that we have insight into the types of attacks and their effects, how can we effectively counteract them? Have you heeded my advice against prominently displaying the alarm company branded sign in your yard?

That is the rationale behind keeping your home security details private to prevent criminals from taking advantage of any vulnerabilities. Identifying businesses that operate on the 2.4 GHz band is a straightforward task.

When investing in new smart home technology, prioritize devices that support dual-band connectivity or operate on the 5 gigahertz spectrum. While WPA3 security is said to offer protection against such attacks, the extent of its effectiveness remains unclear to me as a beginner. Unfortunately, wireless alarm systems are currently vulnerable to jammer attacks.

You have the option to choose a conventional method by setting up a fully wired home alarm system that functions using a landline connection. As long as there are no wireless features, you should be fine.

Security Cameras With SD Card Storage

Cameras offered by companies like Ring are equipped with local storage functionality. This means that in situations where wifi is down or cloud storage is not available, these cameras utilize their internal storage to store recorded clips. Although you may not receive notifications, you can conveniently review the footage by accessing the SD card directly within the camera.

In order to enhance the security of your home, it is advisable to supplement your wifi camera system with an affordable local storage camera. This way, even if you encounter a jammer or deauth attack, you will have one camera that continues to capture footage. However, it is important to consider that if the attackers become aware of the camera's presence, they may attempt to destroy it and steal it.